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Чем опасно развитие пародонтита? Причины его возникновения, методы профилактики и лечения

Чем опасно развитие пародонтита? Причины его возникновения, методы профилактики и лечения

В наше время заболевания зубов и десен являются очень распространенными. Если вас волнует неприятный (специфический) привкус и запах в ротовой полости, с которыми не справляются ни зубная паста, ни жевательная резинка, кровоточивость десен, которая может возникать спонтанно или же после обычной чистки зубов, вам немедленно следует обратиться к стоматологу. Такая симптоматика может говорить о развитии у вас пародонтита.

Пародонтит — это воспалительно-дистрофическое заболевание опорного аппарата зуба (пародонта). В структуру пародонта входят: альвеолярный отросток челюсти, периодонт (связочный аппарат зуба), зубной цемент, десна. Пародонт фиксирует и поддерживает зуб в челюсти, питает его необходимыми веществами, защищает от негативного воздействия микробной флоры полости рта. При пародонтите все эти функции нарушаются, и вы можете потерять один или несколько зубов. Так как это воспалительное заболевание, если его не лечить, то со временем в процесс будут втянуты все остальные здоровые зубы и десна, к тому же, значительно возрастет опасность гематогенного (через кровь) распространения воспаления на другие структуры лицевого черепа.

Ученые выделяют общие и локальные (местные) причины, которые способствуют развитию пародонтита. Среди общих причин называют: сахарный диабет, заболевания крови, состояния с недостаточностью иммунитета. Многие хронические заболевания могут со временем вызывать пародонтит или усложнять его течение (при хронической форме). Основной местной причиной развития пародонтита ученые называют микробный агент. Особое внимание они акцентируют на таких бактериях зубного налета, как: Porphyromonas gingivalis и Treponema denticola. Еще выделяют травматическую группу причин, которая включает: аномалии прикуса и положения зубов, плохо изготовленные зубные протезы, повышенный тонус жевательных мышц, попадание пломбировочного материала в промежуток между зубами.

Кровоточивость, зуд и болезненность десен, наличие зубного налета, повышенная вязкость слюны — ранние симптомы пародонтита. В последующем у больного появляются гнойные выделения из зубодесневых карманов (полостей между поверхностью зубов и деснами), воспаление и полнокровие десен, неприятный запах из ротовой полости, смещение и патологическая подвижность зубов, увеличиваются, становятся твердыми и болезненными подчелюстные лимфатические узлы.

Пародонтит может протекать активно. При этом, в связи со скоротечностью процесса, у больного сравнительно быстро выпадают зубы. В случае обострения хронического пародонтита, у больного нередко возникают свищи и абсцессы на десне, воспаляются подчелюстные лимфатические узлы. Пародонтит может быть локализованным (местным) или генерализированным (распространенным), когда в процесс вовлекаются все зубы и десна.

Если вовремя не проводить лечение и профилактику этого заболевания, как результат, человек может потерять поврежденные зубы, процесс распространится на другие здоровые зубы и десна, и тогда его будет вылечить гораздо сложней, чем в случае своевременного лечения.

Лечение пародонтита является комплексным и включает хирургические и терапевтические методы. Их можно разделить на общие и местные. К местным методам относят: очищение зубодесневых карманов от гноя, чистку поверхности зубов от зубного налета и камня. Общие методы лечения пародонтита включают в себя: использование противовоспалительных, антигистаминных и антисептических средств (гелей, паст), системную терапию антибиотиками. В случае активного пародонтита, нередко прибегают к ортопедическому лечению, вплоть до замены абсолютно всех зубов.

В любом случае, как и любое другое заболевание, пародонтит лучше предупредить, чем потом лечить. Поэтому, ежедневная гигиена ротовой полости, с использованием подходящих вам зубных щеток и паст, должна проводиться обязательно.

 

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Чем прежде всего вызван парадонтит? Может ли эта болезнь передаваться как наследственная? Насколько гарантировано, Что парадонтита не будет, если хорошо ухаживаешь за ротовой полостью?
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