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Кариес между зубами

Кариес между зубамиПрактически каждый человек не понаслышке знает, что такое кариес между зубами. Это неприятное заболевание развивается медленно (от нескольких месяцев до 4 лет) и может охватить сразу несколько межзубных пространств.

Причины возникновения

В полости рта у человека находится множество различных бактерий. Среди них есть и кариесогенные. Данный вид бактерий начинает активно развиваться при наличии остатков пищи в естественных фиссурах или межзубных пространствах, то есть при долговременной фиксации зубного налета. В процессе жизнедеятельности карисогенные бактерии выделяют органические кислоты, которые опасны для зубной эмали, состоящей на 96 % из минералов. Именно поэтому самая твердая ткань человеческого организма начинает постепенно разрушаться. Следовательно, основная причина возникновения кариеса между зубами – неполная гигиена ротовой полости, при которой в межзубных пространствах остаются пищевые остатки, а на самих зубах – мягкий микробный налет.

Симптомы

Кариес между зубами может протекать бессимптомно, а может сопровождаться покраснением десны или повышенной чувствительностью пораженного кариесом зуба к внешним термическим или химическим воздействиям. Неприятный запах из межзубных промежутков – второстепенный симптом кариеса. Бактерии «переваривают» остатки пищи, что сопоставимо с процессом их гниения. При хорошем освещении можно заметить, что кариозный зуб отличается от здоровых зубов по цвету и прозрачности. А через его неповрежденную эмаль, может просвечивать темное пятно. Даже если пока не видно, что зуб разрушается, но иногда при жевании в нем возникают боли, обратитесь за консультацией к специалисту.

Диагностика

Межзубный кариес трудно идентифицировать визуально, поэтому врач, используя стоматологическое зеркало и зонд, может «заглядывать» даже в труднодоступные участки. Правда, такой метод не всегда эффективен: кариозный дефект может быть очень маленьким или скученные зубы не дают осмотреть пораженное место. Поэтому иногда необходимы дополнительные методы диагностики, такие как рентгенодиагностика или аппарат Диагнодент:  глядя на рентгеновский снимок, стоматологу становится ясно, какие зубы подверглись межзубному кариесу и в какой степени. Ведь на рентгенограмме зубная эмаль и дентин выглядят как светлые области, а кариозный дефект – темное пятно;  аппарат Диагнодент, испуская и улавливая отраженные световые волны, точно определяет, имеются ли у больного зуба области с низкой минерализацией (кариозные дефекты) или нет.

Лечение межзубного кариеса

Сложность лечения кариеса между зубами заключается в труднодоступности кариозного дефекта. Ведь в большинстве случаев у пораженного зуба еще цела жевательная поверхность. То есть, чтобы добраться до причины разрушения зуба, врачу приходится высверливать и здоровые зубные ткани. Поэтому в процессе лечения межзубного кариеса перед стоматологом стоит три цели: 1) высверлить пораженные кариесом ткани и запломбировать дефект; 2) анатомически-правильно восстановить жевательную поверхность зуба (с буграми, естественными фиссурами, не мешающими зубам-антагонистам); 3) восстановить тесный контакт между пролеченным и соседним с ним зубом. Это необходимо для того, чтобы в дальнейшем этот межзубный промежуток не стал причиной повторного появления кариеса. Для восстановления боковых стенок зуба и плотных межзубных контактов весьма эффективны специальные медицинские матрицы и клинья.

Немногие стоматологи могут качественно сделать и то, и другое. Ведь последние две цели требуют от врачей значительной затраты времени на одного пациента, а также определенных навыков и опыта.

Профилактика межзубного кариеса

До сих пор самым эффективным способом предотвращения кариеса между зубами остается обычная зубная нить! Ежедневное прочищение межзубных промежутков от пищевых остатков – это залог здоровья полости рта. Однако в случаях парадонтита или активного парадонтоза, зубную нить лучше не использовать, так как она может спровоцировать кровотечение. Детям до 8 лет она также противопоказана. Родителям лучше ограничиться тщательной чисткой зубов у ребенка. В число профилактических мер по предотвращению межзубного кариеса также входят: чистка зубов после каждого приема пищи и регулярное посещение стоматолога, который будет снимать зубной камень и налет.

 

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Комментарии

Ольга, 09.09.2013 17:57
Вот уж поистине коварное заболевание, требующее ответственного отношения и пофессионального навыка со стороны стоматолога.
Елена, 09.09.2013 23:33
А про зубочистки и полоскания рта растворами антисептиков после еды тут ничего не сказано. Разве такие меры не помогают предупредить скопления остатков пищи в труднодоступных местах и межзубный кариес?
Марта, 10.09.2013 05:53
Так оказывается, что не сами бактерии разрушают зубы, а кислоты, которые они выделяют. Тогда логично было бы нейтрализовать эти кислоты, например, щелочными полосканиями раствором пищевой соды. И так избежать межзубного кариеса.
Марина Ловак, 10.09.2013 11:31
Кариес между зубов более всего неприятен, так как он труднодоступен для лечения и вызывает в связи с этим больше проблем.
texxzarlih, 08.11.2024 19:00
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